Hmm is it possible but complicated.. :)
the Post date is contained in the post url..So you can pass the post url to sume javascript function which grabs the date from the url and then outputs the proper
<script type='text/javascript'>outputimage("<data:post.url/>");</script>
data:post.url will give you the post url..
Place this code just above <data:post.body/>
Also include an external javascript file(or you can embed the js code in your template itself) in the head section of your template..
This Javascript should have a function named outputimage which accepts a string(the url) and grabs the date from it..And it should output the proper image code using the document.write function.
This is a rough outline of how you can do it..If you want the javascript to work on the post pages only(and not on your label pages home page etc,then that too is possible if you use b:if conditional statements